Welcome to our Spine Page!

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Here you will find various information regarding your spine and different conditions that can develop over time. If you or someone you know has a condition or similar condition to what is listed below and would like more information regarding treatment options, please contact our office today (909) 989-6980.

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Anatomy of the Spine

The human spine consists of 24 articulating vertebrae that form the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions, along with nine fused vertebrae that create the sacrum and coccyx. Between each pair of vertebrae lies an intervertebral disc made of cartilaginous tissue. These discs, combined with the joints formed between adjacent vertebrae, allow for slight movement and help maintain the structural integrity of the spine.

The cervical spine, comprising the first seven vertebrae, has a lordotic curve—a backward "C" shape—similar to that of the lumbar spine. This region is the most mobile part of the spine, enabling movements in multiple directions and the ability to rotate your head.

The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae in the middle of the spine, connecting to the ribs along the posterior aspect of the torso. This region features a kyphotic curve, opposite to the lordotic curves of the cervical and lumbar regions. The thoracic spine has narrow, thin intervertebral discs, contributing to its reduced mobility compared to other regions.

The lumbar spine, at the base of the spine, is composed of five vertebrae with the largest vertebrae and intervertebral discs. Like the cervical spine, the lumbar spine has a lordotic curve, providing strength and flexibility.
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Together, the shape of the spine creates an "S" curve, which is essential for balance, flexibility, and shock absorption.

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Disc Herniations

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What nerves surround the discs in my spine?

Sinuvertebral nerves are small but essential nerves that innervate the intervertebral discs. These nerves enter the spine through the intervertebral foramen and supply sensation to key structures, including the facet joints, the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc, and the ligaments surrounding the spinal canal.

When an injury or degeneration occurs in these structures—particularly the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc—the sinuvertebral nerves are activated. These nerves are highly sensitive and equipped with nociceptors, specialized receptors that detect painful stimuli such as mechanical stress, inflammation, or chemical irritants released from damaged tissue.

Once stimulated, the sinuvertebral nerves transmit pain signals through the spinal cord to the brain, where the sensation is interpreted as pain. This process explains why injuries to the intervertebral discs, such as a tear in the annulus fibrosus, often result in localized pain, as well as referred pain that may radiate to other areas, such as the arms or legs.
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The involvement of sinuvertebral nerves in the pain pathway highlights their critical role in conditions like disc herniation, degenerative disc disease, and other spinal pathologies. Understanding their function is key to diagnosing and treating spine-related pain effectively.

How do I get spinal disc herniations?

A spinal disc herniation can result from general wear and tear or activities that place added pressure on the spine or discs. It can also develop due to spinal disorders that arise over time as part of the aging process. Common causes include improper lifting techniques, repetitive motions, prolonged sitting or poor posture, and sudden trauma such as a fall or car accident. Obesity, lack of regular exercise, and smoking can also increase the risk by weakening the discs over time.

Do I have spinal disc herniations?

Intervertebral discs are composed of an outer annulus fibrosus and an inner nucleus pulposus. The annulus fibrosus is made up of several layers of fibrocartilage that surround the nucleus pulposus, helping to distribute pressure evenly across the disc. The nucleus pulposus contains loose fibers suspended in a microprotein gel, giving it a jelly-like consistency.

When a spinal injury causes a tear in the outer fibrous ring of an intervertebral disc, the soft, jelly-like nucleus pulposus can bulge outward beyond the damaged layers of the annulus fibrosus. This protrusion creates pressure on the spinal column and nearby spinal nerves, resulting in the perception of pain.
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Pain is often aggravated by movement and may be accompanied by radiating discomfort that travels down the upper or lower extremities. This can significantly impact mobility and quality of life if left untreated.

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What is degenerative disc disease?

Degenerative disc disease refers to the natural changes that occur in the spinal discs as part of the aging process. Over time, these changes can lead to a gradual breakdown of the discs’ structure and function. This degeneration often results in neck or back pain, as the discs lose their ability to cushion the vertebrae effectively and support the spine.​

What causes degenerative disc disease?

As we age, spinal discs naturally lose fluid, reducing their ability to function as shock absorbers and making them less flexible. This loss of flexibility causes the space between vertebrae to narrow, which can lead to other spinal disorders if not addressed. Additionally, the aging process can create tiny tears in the outer layers of the discs, increasing the risk of disc herniations that may cause neck or lower back pain.

Disc degeneration is a normal part of aging and is not technically considered a "disease." Rather, it is a gradual process resulting from wear and damage to the intervertebral discs over time. Maintaining the overall health of your spine is crucial for slowing the progression of disc degeneration.
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While the restoration of normal spinal integrity may not be fully achievable, chiropractic manipulation can play a significant role in slowing the degenerative process. Chiropractic care helps restore and maintain much of the spine’s normal function, promoting better mobility and overall spinal health.

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